Which of the following describes how aging impacts the respiratory system?

The correct answer highlights a significant aspect of how the aging process affects the respiratory system. As individuals age, various physiological changes occur that can lead to a weakened muscle response, particularly in the respiratory muscles. This results in shallower breathing, which may limit the amount of air exchanged in the lungs. Shallow breathing can compromise respiratory efficiency, making it more difficult for older adults to fully expand their lungs and take in adequate oxygen, while also making it harder to clear secretions effectively.

This change can affect overall respiratory health and contributes to increased vulnerability to complications such as respiratory infections or conditions like pneumonia. Recognizing this change is essential for providing proper care and support to older adults, ensuring they are monitored closely for any respiratory issues that may arise due to decreased lung function and weak muscle responses.

Other concepts, such as increased lung expansion or effective coughing mechanisms, do not accurately capture the physiological changes that typically accompany aging. In fact, lung expansion is generally reduced with age, and while coughing can be effective in some older adults, the overall mechanisms may be less robust due to muscle weakening. Similarly, increased susceptibility to respiratory infections may be a consequence of the overall decline in immune response with age, rather than a direct result of changes in the respiratory mechanics themselves.