Which effect is categorized as a toxic effect of a drug?

A toxic effect of a drug refers to harmful side effects that can occur when a medication is taken in excessive amounts, when it interacts negatively with other substances, or when a person has an allergic reaction. Altered liver function is classified as a toxic effect because the liver is crucial for metabolizing and detoxifying medications. When a drug adversely affects liver function, it can lead to serious health issues, including liver damage or failure. This alteration indicates that the drug is causing harm rather than providing the intended therapeutic benefit.

The other effects listed, such as increased energy, better sleep quality, and improved mood, generally represent positive outcomes associated with medication use, suggesting that they fall within the scope of therapeutic effects rather than toxic effects. Understanding the distinction between therapeutic and toxic effects is essential for medication management and patient safety.