Which behavior is characterized by oppositional and defiant actions toward authority figures?

The behavior characterized by oppositional and defiant actions toward authority figures is most accurately described as Conduct Disorder. This condition is marked by a pattern of aggressive behavior that can include not only defiance but also serious violations of rules and social norms. Children and adolescents with Conduct Disorder often exhibit behaviors that are hostile, deceitful, and may involve physical aggression towards others, making their relationship with authority figures particularly strained.

In contrast, ADHD primarily involves difficulties with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, rather than a deliberate opposition to authority. Adjustment Disorder typically arises in response to a specific stressor, leading to emotional or behavioral symptoms, but does not inherently involve oppositional behavior. Lastly, an Organic Mental Disorder refers to cognitive deficits that are typically due to a physiological cause, which do not specifically relate to defiance against authority. Conduct Disorder thus stands out as the condition most directly associated with the described defiant actions.