What term is used when an increased amount of a drug is required to achieve the same effect as a lesser amount previously produced?

The term that describes a situation where an increased amount of a drug is necessary to achieve the same effect that a smaller amount previously provided is tolerance. Tolerance occurs when the body's response to a drug diminishes over time, leading to the need for larger doses to achieve the same therapeutic effect. This phenomenon is common with many substances, especially those that influence the central nervous system, such as opioids or sedatives.

In contrast, dependency refers to a condition in which the body has adapted to the presence of a drug, leading to withdrawal symptoms if the drug is suddenly stopped. Overdose indicates taking more of a drug than the body can safely handle, resulting in severe or harmful effects. Accumulation occurs when a drug builds up in the body due to repeated dosing without adequate clearance, potentially leading to toxicity. Each of these terms describes different interactions and effects related to medications, but tolerance specifically addresses the need for increased dosages over time to achieve the desired effects.